Dry Ingredients

1 cup sugar
1 cup brown sugar, firmly packed, although it will result in a slightly molasses flavor

1 cup sugar
1/2 cup honey and reduce the amount of liquid by 1/2 cup

1 cup sugar
1 cup powdered sugar

1 cup packed brown sugar
1 cup granulated sugar or 2 cups powdered sugar

1 Tbsp. cornstarch (thickening)
2 Tbsp. flour

1 Tbsp. flour (for thickening)
1/2 Tbsp. cornstarch, potato starch, rice starch or arrowroot starch, or 2 tsp. cooking tapioca

1 cup cake flour
7/8 cup sifted all-purpose flour. Add 2 Tbsp. cornstarch to the flour and sift 4 or 5 times to blend. Makes a very light flour ideal for cakes.

1 cup flour
1 cup + 2 Tbsp. sifted cake flour

1 cup self-rising flour
1 cup regular flour + 1/2 tsp. salt and 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder

1 cup biscuit mix
1 cup flour, 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder, 1/2 tsp. salt and 1 Tbsp. shortening

1 tsp. baking powder
1/4 tsp. baking soda + 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar

1 Tbsp. active dry yeast
1 package dry granulated yeast

1 cake compressed yeast
1 package dry granulated yeast or 1 scant Tbsp. active dry yeast

1 Ib. cake of fresh yeast
16 packages dry yeast

1 sq. unsweetened chocolate
3 Tbsp. of cocoa + 1 Tbsp. fat

1 ounce semisweet chocolate
1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 1 Tbsp. sugar

1/8 to 1/4 tsp. garlic powder
1 clove of fresh garlic (cut salt)

3/4 tsp. onion powder
1 small onion (cut salt)

A pinch of salt
When added to a recipe calling for sugar, will bring out enough of the natural sweetness in the food to replace 1/4 cup of the sugar called for.

1 Tbsp. instant minced onion
1 small to medium, fresh onion

1 tsp. dry mustard
1 Tbsp. prepared mustard

1 tsp. pumpkin pie spice
1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. ground cloves, 1/8 tsp. nutmeg

1 tsp. allspice
1/2 tsp. cinnamon + 1/8 tsp. ground cloves

1/4 cup cinnamon-sugar
1/4 cup granulated sugar + 1 tsp. cinnamon

1 cup fine dry bread crumbs
1 cup crushed cereal or cracker crumbs

1 Tbsp. snipped fresh herbs
1 tsp. dried herbs, crushed

1 tsp. lemon peel
1/2 tsp. lemon extract